Expert-Guided Security Risk Assessment of Evolving Power Grids

Electric power grids, which form an essential part of the critical infrastructure, are evolving into highly distributed, dynamic networks in order to address climate change. This fundamental transition relies on extensive automation solutions based communications and information technologies. Thus, it also gives rise new attack points for malicious actors consequently, increases vulnerability electric energy system. study presents a qualitative assessment grid cybersecurity through expert interviews across countries Europe U.S. gain understanding latest developments trends future systems. The horizon is 10 years spanning until early 2030s. Thereafter, identifies how extent risks identified be most significant understood addressed research industry publications aiming at identifying areas deserving specific further attention. threats False Data Injection (FDI), Denial Service (DoS) supply chain, ransomware malware attacks.